Diagnostic de la problématique de gestion des déchets solides à Petit-Goave et proposition d'amélioration

Abstract

This study focuses on the diagnosis of solid waste management issues in Petit-Goâve. The main methodological framework of this study includes a bibliographic search phase, an observation phase, and a field investigation phase. To achieve this goal, it has included an inventory of the system, an in-depth analysis, and finally a proposal of solutions to improve the current management of waste. The situational analysis required field data collection. At the end of this stage, a portrait was drawn up of the regulatory and institutional framework governing waste management in Haïti. The presentation of the current organization and the financing of the waste management sector in Petit-Goâve led to an analysis of the system, which reveals that several factors hinder the good management of solid waste in the city. These include inadequacies related to the regulatory and institutional framework, the non-application of existing laws, the poor organization of the sector, and a lack of technical and financial resources. Additionaly: the lack of importance given by local authorities to the sector and the uncivil behavior of the population. It results in negative consequences for the inhabitants of the city, namely environmental and health risks, insalubrity, and degradation of the environment and of the living conditions of the population. The daily quantity of solid waste produced per resident in Petit-Goâve varies from 0,47-0,80 kg /resident/ day. From this analysis, there is a production of 49,103,59 to 51.116,88 tonnes of waste per year during the period 2018-19. Hence, solid waste management is one of the most complex concerns that must be met by local authorities in the city of Petit-Goâve. Despite the interventions of municipal authorities and other stakeholders for the collection and disposal of solid waste, and despite the use of pre-collectors by some households, the problem of waste remains in Petit-Goâve. As a result, system improvement solutions have been proposed based on the principle of participatory and shared management. The recommended mode of management consists in delegating the service to the private sector, which will finance the sector through a public-private partnership. It will then be necessary to ensure a better organization of the system, the installation of necessary equipment and facilities - including a household solid waste treatment unit, the construction of a processing plant of organic materials in compost, and to promote the use of compost for agriculture, given the large amount of organic matter produced by the population and the change in behavior of all stakeholders.